供御药的主要形式
票传交进
List-based Delivery
清宫御药房将各宫内药房等处所传用的成药或咀片写出“用药清单”,交给每日来御药房的同仁堂药商,药商将“用药清单”速交同仁堂铺东,同仁堂据此逐一备药,再由药商将药送交御药房。
The Imperial Pharmacy of Qing Imperial Palace would make a "list of medicines" for patent medicines needed by the internal Pharmacies in every palace, and give it to the shopkeeper of Tongrentang immediately, who would prepare the medicines one by one according to the list.
赶紧交进
Prompt Delivery
遇到皇帝对于用药有特殊质量要求的情况,御药房须派官员去同仁堂遴选药材,“赶紧交进”。
In the case that the Emperor had special requirements for the quality of medicines, the Imperial Pharmacy would send officials to Tongrentang to select the Medicinal Materials and "deliver them promptly".
进宫制药
On-site Medicine Preparation in the Palace
御药房传同仁堂技术人员进宫制药。光绪二十五年正月十四日乾清宫传神效暖脐药二料,档案记载在御药房制药,用“同仁堂熬膏匠役四名”。同仁堂的“工匠”能够进宫制药,体现出皇家对同仁堂制药工艺水平的信任。
Pharmacists of Tongrentang were called upon by the Imperial Pharmacy to prepare medicines in the palace.
监视制药
Monitoring of Medicine Preparation
御药房派官员到同仁堂监视制药,所用药料从同仁堂取货。光绪三十一年正月初三日,御药房“合配三色暑药共一百四十料,官员、苏拉等赴同仁堂监视碾、筛以及合配妥协”。
Some officials dispatched by the Imperial Pharmacy monitored the process of medicine preparation in Tongrentang, with all the Medicinal Materials being selected there in Tongrentang.
紧急传药
Emergency Delivery of Medicines
这种形式是因为宫内有特殊病人,主要是皇帝、太后等突发疾病,由乾清宫内药房、寿药房等首领传旨御药房,所用药物在同仁堂准备就绪,随时交进。即使在夜间,御药房也要派专差立即到同仁堂取药。
This happened when some patients in the palace needed special treatment, mostly when the Emperor and the Empress Dowager suddenly fell ill. In this case, the Imperial Pharmacy would receive imperial decree through the supervisors of the Internal Pharmacy and the Longevity Pharmacy of Palace of Heavenly Purity, then all medicines needed would be well-prepared in Tongrentang for prompt delivery. Even at night, the Imperial Pharmacy must send special dispatchers to Tongrentang to collect the medicines.