供御药的种类

1723年(清雍正元年),雍正皇帝御批同仁堂供御药,由此开启了供御药的传奇经历。在整个清朝时期,享有连续188年供御药殊荣的民间药铺只有同仁堂一家。“传取同仁堂药品,表明清宫对同仁堂的信任和青睐,同时也证明同仁堂成药的品质优良,可以和御药房所制成药互为替代”。
In 1723,the 1st Qing Yongzheng reign, the emperor granted Tongrentang’s imperial supply of medications, when a legendary development process was initiated and lasted a successive duration of 188 years, then proudly as the only fold pharmacy supplier. The emperor’s grant to imperial supply of Tongrentang medications indicates the trust of Qing Imperial Palace and favor in Tongrentang. Meanwhile, this also proves the superb quality of Tongrentang prepared medicines, which were then replaceable with those by the imperial pharmacies.”

药材和咀片(饮片):这是同仁堂在所供的御药中传药次数最多、品种最广、数量最大的类别。以同治到宣统年间为例,仅49个年份中,有据可查的清宫传同仁堂药材和咀片次数共163次。其中:传药材124次,占76%;传咀片39次,占24%。
Medicinal Materials and prepared drug in pieces, were in most frequent demand, widest ranges, and largest quantities among all the Tongrentang supplies to the imperial court. Taking the supplies during the Tongzhi through Xuantong reigns as an example, there was a proven record of the Qing imperial court’s 163-time, which was only in a period of 49 years.

中成药(含仿单):目前故宫馆藏的同仁堂供中成药的仿单(药品说明书)有数千张,品种有上百种,主要有牛黄清心丸、熊油虎骨膏、加味逍遥丸、三黄宝蜡丸、内补养荣丸、佛手开骨散、养血安胎丸、七制香附丸、调经丸、百补济阴丸、千金止带丸、小儿香橘丸、女金丹等。“有一种仿单就意味着与之对应的一种药在宫中出现过”。目前仍保存在故宫博物院文物库房的同仁堂中成药有八宝太乙紫金锭、黎峒丸、十香返魂丹、神效活络丸(现名为“同仁大活络丸”)、再造丸、苏合丸等。”
Traditional Chinese Medicines: Several thousands of package inserts and hundreds of Traditional Chinese Medicines are collected at the Palace Museum, such as Niuhuang Qingxin Pill (cow-bezoar sedative bolus), Jiawei Xiaoyao Pill (flavored rambling pill), Yangxue Antai Pill (pill for nourishing the fetus), Tiaojing Pill (pill for menstrual regulation), Qianjin Zhidai Pill (pill for arresting leucorrhea), Xiaoer Xiangju Pill (aiding digestion pill for kids), Nv Jin Pill (pill for warming the uterus) and many others. The package inserts imply that some corresponding herbal medicine was ever consumed in the Imperial Palace. A number of Tongrentang Chinese Medicines are still housed at the Palace Museum cultural relic hall, including Babao Taiyi Zijinding, Lidong Pill, Shixiang Fanhun Pill, Shenxiao Huoluo Pill(presently renamed Tongren Da Huoluo Pill), Zaizao Pill and Suhe Pill,and so on.

《同仁堂传统配本》被两次传抄进入宫中,用于御药房配制中成药:光绪十一年(1885年)六月初四日,《同仁堂传统配本》一册抄存于清宫太医院(现存于故宫博物院),全书共103个配方,首列碧云散、结尾是益寿比天膏;光绪十七年(1898年)八月初八日,清宫又命同仁堂抄录《同仁堂传统配本》、《同仁堂药目》给御药房(现存于故宫博物院),其中有中成药配方425种,分为16门类,首列风痰门,牛黄清心丸列首位。
The manuscript of TRT Traditional Medicine Matching was re-copied into the Qing Imperial Palace for imperial pharmacy preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the 4th day of the 6th lunar month, 1885 (the 11th Guangxu reign), then housed at the Palace Imperial Hospital and presently at the Palace Museum. The book includes a total of 103 formulas. In the 8th day of the 8th lunar month ,1891 (the 17th Guangxu reign), the Qing Imperial Palace ordered Tongrentang to copy the updated TRT Traditional Medicine Matching and TRT Materia Medica (now housed at the Palace Museum) for the imperial pharmacy preparations, which comprise 425 formulas of Tongrentang Traditional Chinese Medicines. The first category is anemogenous phlegm, while the first recommended Chinese Medicine is Niuhuang Qinxin Pill in that category.

此后,清宫御药房多次运用同仁堂配方制作成药,如御药房档案《上用丸散膏丹配方薄》记载:“光绪十三年九月十二日,连英传:用同仁堂配方合梅苏丸;光绪十七年三月二十二日,按同仁堂配方合清肺抑火化痰丸四分之一料,如绿豆粒大;光绪二十二年六月初七日,用同仁堂配方合千金保胎膏一料;光绪二十六年二月十一日,福祥传:用同仁堂配方合加味保和丸半料;光绪二十六年二月十一日,福祥传:用同仁堂配方合香砂养胃半料”。
After that, the Qing imperial pharmacy applied Tongrentang formulas to prepare their medicines for several times.

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